12/18/2023 0 Comments Checksum linuxOnce a partition is marked as swap, you need to prepare it using the mkswap (make swap) command as root: mkswap /dev/hdb1 Also note that Solaris uses the same ID as Linux swap space for its partitions, so be careful not to kill your Solaris partitions by mistake. All data on a swap partition will be lost, so double-check every change you make. Be careful when working with partitions - you don’t want to delete important partitions by mistake or change the id of your system partition to swap by mistake. If the partition isn’t marked as swap you will need to alter it by running fdisk and using the ‘t’ menu option. You should see output that looks like this: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 2328 2434 859446 82 Linux swap / Solaris Replace /dev/hdb with the device of the hard disk on your system with the swap partition on it. To check that the partition is marked for swap, run as root: fdisk -l /dev/hdb Step one is to ensure that the partition is marked as a swap partition and step two is to make the swap filesystem. To add an extra swap partition to your system, you first need to prepare it. One great thing about the Linux swapping subsystem is that if you mount two (or more) swap spaces (preferably on two different devices) with the same priority, Linux will interleave its swapping activity between them, which can greatly increase swapping performance. ‘Priority’ tells Linux which swap space to use first. The ‘Size’ is listed in kilobytes, and the ‘Used’ field tells us how many kilobytes of swap space has been used (in this case none). Here, the ‘Type’ field indicates that this swap space is a partition rather than a file, and from ‘Filename’ we see that it is on the disk sda5. The output will look something like this: Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda5 partition 859436 0 -1Įach line lists a separate swap space being used by the system. To see what swap space you have, use the command swapon -s. The swap file is a special file in the filesystem that resides amongst your system and data files. The swap partition is an independent section of the hard disk used solely for swapping no other files can reside there. Linux has two forms of swap space: the swap partition and the swap file. In this case only adding more RAM will help. In such situations the system is struggling to find free memory and keep applications running at the same time. Sometimes excessive swapping or thrashing occurs where a page is swapped out and then very soon swapped in and then swapped out again and so on. The more swapping that occurs, the slower your system will be. Memory speeds can be measured in nanoseconds, while disks are measured in milliseconds, so accessing the disk can be tens of thousands times slower than accessing physical memory. The system can swap out those pages and free the memory for other applications or even for the disk cache. Second, a significant number of the pages used by an application during its startup phase may only be used for initialization and then never used again. First, when the system requires more memory than is physically available, the kernel swaps out less used pages and gives memory to the current application (process) that needs the memory immediately. Swapping is necessary for two important reasons. The combined sizes of the physical memory and the swap space is the amount of virtual memory available. Swapping is the process whereby a page of memory is copied to the preconfigured space on the hard disk, called swap space, to free up that page of memory. So, is anyone else able to confirm that the mirrors in question have bad checksums in their metadata? Or is it machine specific for me…? That’s what I’m trying to figure out.Linux divides its physical RAM (random access memory) into chucks of memory called pages. : Metadata file does not match checksumĪfter this is gives some thoughts on how to skip the mirror in the future, and then fails. Not using downloaded repomd.xml because it is older than what we have: Then - running the “yum makecache” command generates this fun error. I have an Amazon Linux “1” host that I tried to follow the install instructions on… got errors about the install mirrors having metadata that does not match the checksum…įirst - this particular machine is release “Amazon Linux AMI release 2018.03”
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |